Mohammad Elayan

Research

Current focus, research areas, and a full publication record.

§01 · Current Focus

Two Forces in Mixed Traffic

Behavioral Consensus & Multi-Objective AV Learning

Autonomous vehicles must balance safety, efficiency, and interaction, goals that are frequently at odds and cannot be resolved by any single hand-crafted reward. This thread defines behavioral consensus as the joint alignment of these three dimensions, derives an empirical Pareto surface directly from naturalistic trajectories, and uses that surface as the target a reinforcement learning agent, trained with Soft Actor-Critic in SUMO, learns to drive toward on a timestep basis, with no access to future data.

Graphical abstract: empirical Pareto frontier

Quantum-Inspired Representation of Driver Heterogeneity

Rather than reducing driver heterogeneity to discrete labels such as aggressive or cautious, this thread represents each surrounding driver as an evolving density matrix in a nonlinear feature space, continuous, probabilistic, context-dependent, and history-dependent. The representation recovers interpretable driver profiles without supervision and reproduces macroscopic traffic phenomena, such as the fundamental diagram and hysteresis, that were never built into the model.

Framework overview: density-matrix behavioral representation

§02 · Research Areas

Research Areas

01

Behavioral Consensus & Multi-Objective AV Behavior

Developing AV policies that adapt to competing objectives in simulated networks, using reinforcement learning with Pareto-based rewards from empirical data to test how consensus-aware designs change outcomes.

02

Driver Heterogeneity & Quantum-Inspired Modeling

Representing driver heterogeneity as evolving, probabilistic behavioral states rather than discrete driver types, capturing mixed and transitional patterns directly from naturalistic trajectory data.

03

AV-Pedestrian & Mixed Traffic Interaction

Using high-resolution datasets such as TGSIM to study AV responses at intersections, quantifying safety-critical events, pedestrian hesitation, and consensus violations across performance dimensions.

04

Empirical Trajectory & Safety Analysis

Integrating street-view imagery, traffic-calibrated location-based data, and crash records into spatially granular models of crash count and severity for safety assessment.

05

Microsimulation & Data-Driven Traffic Calibration

Building microsimulation environments calibrated to real-world traffic using mobility indicators, supporting scalable, data-driven approaches for multi-modal planning and safety applications.

06

Geospatial Analysis & Optimization for Mobility Systems

Applying geospatial indexing and optimization frameworks to problems from pharmaceutical access to automated delivery, balancing efficiency, resource use, and equity in mobility systems.

§03 · Publications

Publications

Peer-Reviewed Publications

8 total

1. Elayan, M. and Kontar, W. (2026). "Can Automated Vehicles Have It All? A Consensus Framework for Diagnosing Behavioral Trade-offs in Mixed Traffic." Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, Vol. 190. ↗
2. Elayan, M. and Kontar, W. (2026). "Learning the Pareto Space of Multi-Objective Autonomous Driving: A Modular, Data-Driven Approach." Proceedings of the IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), Detroit, MI. ↗
3. Elayan, M. and Kontar, W. (2025). "Consensus-Aware AV Behavior: Trade-offs Between Safety, Interaction, and Performance in Mixed Urban Traffic." Proceedings of the IEEE 28th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), Gold Coast, Australia, pp. 471 to 476. ↗
4. Elayan, M., Karki, S. and Hawkins, J. (2025). "Better Safety Analyses through Smarter Data: Adding Open-Street-View and Traffic Calibrated-LBS Data to Pedestrian Crash Analysis in Lincoln, NE." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board. ↗
5. Elayan, M., Aldridge, N., Hawkins, J. and Nam, Y. (2025). "Integrating StreetLight, EPS Smart Location Data and Road Attributes: A Random Forest Approach to Multi-Modal Traffic Calibration in Lincoln, Nebraska." Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A: Systems, Vol. 151(8). ↗
6. Al-Khateeb, G., Al-Suleiman, T., Khedaywi, T. and Elayan, M. (2016). "Studying Rutting Performance of Superpave Mixtures Using Unconfined Dynamic Creep and Simple Performance Tests." Road Materials and Pavement Design, Vol. 19(2).
7. Alsheyab, M., Khedaywi, T. and Elayan, M. (2013). "Laboratory Study on Solidification/Stabilization of Unwanted Medications Using Asphalt as a Binder." Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, Vol. 15(2).
8. Al-Suleiman, T. and Elayan, M. (2013). "Gap Acceptance Behavior at U-turn Median Openings, Case Study in Jordan." Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 7(3).

Reports and Preprints

6 total

1. Armantalab, O., Elayan, M. and Kontar, W. (2026). "A Quantum-Inspired Representation of Dynamic Travel Behavior." ↗
2. Elayan, M. and Kontar, W. (2026). "Quantum-Inspired Modeling of Driving Behavior." arXiv preprint. ↗
3. Elayan, M. and Kontar, W. (2026). "Behavioral Heterogeneity as Quantum-Inspired Representation." arXiv preprint. ↗
4. Elayan, M. and Kontar, W. (2026). "Learning the Pareto Space of Multi-Objective Autonomous Driving: A Modular, Data-Driven Approach." arXiv preprint. ↗
5. Elayan, M. and Kontar, W. (2025). "Consensus-Aware AV Behavior: Trade-offs Between Safety, Interaction, and Performance in Mixed Urban Traffic." arXiv preprint. ↗
6. Nam, Y., Hawkins, J., Butler, D., Aldridge, N., Elayan, M. and Yoo, J. (2024). "Modeling Pedestrian and Bicyclist Crash Exposure with Location-Based Service Data." Nebraska Department of Transportation, Technical Report No. SPR-FY23(025). ↗

Conference Papers & Presentations

11 total

1. Gabrys, G., Elayan, M., Armantalab, O. and Kontar, W. (2027). "Where Pharmaceutical Deserts Are and How to Serve Them: A Geospatial Index and Autonomous Routing Study in Rural Nebraska." TRB 106th Annual Meeting, Washington, DC. [Accepted]
2. Elayan, M., Armantalab, O. and Kontar, W. (2027). "Quantum-Inspired Modeling of Driving Behavior." TRB 106th Annual Meeting, Washington, DC. [Accepted]
3. Elayan, M. and Kontar, W. (2027). "Learning Behavioral Consensus for Autonomous Driving in Mixed Traffic." TRB 106th Annual Meeting, Washington, DC. [Accepted]
4. Elayan, M. and Kontar, W. (2026). "Behavioral Heterogeneity as Quantum-Inspired Representation." IEEE ITSC, Naples, Italy. [Presented]
5. Elayan, M. and Kontar, W. (2026). "Learning the Pareto Space of Multi-Objective Autonomous Driving: A Modular, Data-Driven Approach." IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), Detroit, MI. [Presented]
6. Elayan, M. and Kontar, W. (2026). "Consensus-Aware AV Behavior: Empirical Pareto-Guided Reinforcement Learning for Mixed Traffic." NSF NAIRR Annual Meeting, Arlington, VA. [Presented]
7. Elayan, M. and Kontar, W. (2026). "The Empirical Pareto Frontier of Automated Driving." College of Engineering 7th Annual Graduate Student Symposium, UNL. [Presented]
8. Elayan, M. and Kontar, W. (2026). "A Unified Framework for Consensus-Aware AV Behavior." TRB 105th Annual Meeting, Washington, DC. [Presented]
9. Armantalab, O., Elayan, M. and Hawkins, J. (2025). "Multi-Stage Clustering of Daily Activity Time Series." TRB 105th Annual Meeting, Washington, DC. [Presented]
10. Elayan, M. and Kontar, W. (2025). "Consensus-Aware AV Behavior: Trade-offs Between Safety, Interaction, and Performance in Mixed Urban Traffic." IEEE ITSC, Gold Coast, Australia. [Presented]
11. Elayan, M., Karki, S. and Hawkins, J. (2025). "Better Safety Analyses through Smarter Data." TRB 104th Annual Meeting, Washington, DC. [Presented]

Under Review

3 total

1. Elayan, M., Armantalab, O. and Kontar, W. (2026). "Quantum-Inspired Modeling of Driving Behavior." Submitted to Transportation Research Part B: Methodological.
2. Armantalab, O., Elayan, M., Zhao, L., Huynh, N. and Kontar, W. (2026). "‘A Quantum-Inspired Representation of Dynamic Travel Behavior." Submitted to Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies.
3. Armantalab, O., Elayan, M. and Hawkins, J. (2026). "Multi-Stage Clustering of Daily Activity Time Series: Patterns and Socio-Demographic Insights." Submitted to Transportmetrica A: Transport Science.

§04 · Connect

melayan2@nebraska.edu